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<idPurp>Historical Mean High Water Lines from the State of Florida DEP
https://publicfiles.dep.state.fl.us/DWRM/Beaches/HSSD/readme/readmeb.pdf</idPurp>
<idAbs>&lt;DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"&gt;&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;Last Rev. 01/24/08 - E.Foster, P.E. - FSU/BSRC&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;The Historic Shoreline Database on the Web contains many directories of related types of &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;information about beach changes in Florida over the past 150 or so years. The historic &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;shoreline map images (see the Drawings directory) show precision-digitized approximate mean &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;high water (mhw) shorelines, from the US government coastal topographic maps listed in the &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;associated map bibliography files (see the Sourcebibs directory). These generally show data &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;extending from the mid to late 1800’s to the mid to late 1970’s. The mhw positions have been &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;extracted and tabulated (see the MWHfiles directory) relative to fixed reference “R” points along &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;the beach, spaced approximately 1000 feet (300 meters) apart. Reference points not actually &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;corresponding to actual “in the ground” survey markers are virtual “V” points. Mean high water &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;positions have been and continue to be extracted from FDEP beach profile surveys from the &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;1970’s through the present and added to the tables. The beach profile data files from which mhw &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;data have been extracted and added into the mhw tables can be found in the ProfileData &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;directory and visually (for many areas) in the ClickOnProfiles directory. The beach profile files &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;include elevation information along the entire length of the profiles. This profile data set has &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;undergone up to fifteen additional quality control checks to ensure accuracy, reliability, and &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;consistency with the historic database coordinate and bearing set. Note that any data deeper than &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;wading depth have not yet undergone any extra quality control checks. Note also that there are &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;*.cod text files of notes associated with the review of the profile data files.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;The digital historic shoreline map image files are given in a DWG autocad-based format, which &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;should be usable on most versions, as well as many GIS systems. The Florida State Plane 1927/79-&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;adjusted and 1983/90 horizontal coordinate systems are used. These are not metric systems, but &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;with the proper software can be converted to whatever systems you may need. Each map image &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;DWG file contains many layers, documented in an ASCII layer list archived with the DWG file.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;The database has been maintained and greatly expanded by E. Foster since approximately 1987 &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;and by N. Nguyen since 1995. The initial map digitizing effort was done for FDEP at Florida State &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;University, primarily by S. Demirpolat. Final processing and editing of the original map files to &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;make them user-friendly was performed by N. Nguyen and E. Foster in 1995-7. Extensive quality &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;control and update work has been performed by E. Foster since 1987, and by N. Nguyen since &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;1995. Field profile surveys have been performed by the FDEP Coastal Data Acquisition section &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;since the early 1970’s, and by a number of commercial surveyors in recent years.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;The formats of the mhw tables and profile files are explained in text files included in the respective &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;directories.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;Note that the digitized map image files were originally created in the UTM coordinate system on &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;Intergraph equipment. The translation from UTM to the State Plane coordinate systems has &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;resulted in some minor textual and other visual shifts in the northwest Florida area map image files.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;The dates in the map legends in the map images are generally composite dates. It is necessary to &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;use the mhw data tables and map bibliographies for accurate dates for any specific location. The &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;date ranges in the data tables relate to specific information given in the map bibliography files.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;2&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;Generally it may be assumed that the historic shorelines have been digitized as carefully as possible &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;from the source maps. If a historic shoreline does not contain a systematic position error and &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;is feasible in a physical sense, the accuracy of the mhw position is estimated at plus or minus 15 &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;to 50 feet (5 to 15 m), depending on the source and scale. This is as a position in time, NOT &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;as an average mhw position. Data added from field surveys are estimated at plus or minus 10 feet &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;(3 m) or better.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;It is to be noted that from the 1920’s onward, aerial photographs have usually been the &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;basis of the US government’s coastal topographic maps. Prior to that, the method was plane &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;table surveying. Along higher wave energy coasts, especially the Florida east coast, if there &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;was significant wave activity in the source photography, it is very possible that the mhw was &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;mapped in a more landward location than was probably correct. Alternatively, the use of &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;photography sets with excessive sun glare may have caused the mhw to be mapped in a more &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;seaward location than was probably correct. These effects have been frequently observed in &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;comparisons of close-in-time FDEP controlled aerial photography with FDEP profile surveys. The &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;use of some photography sets containing high wave uprush or sun glare is probable within the &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;historic data. For example, on the east coast the 1940’s series maps tend to show the mhw &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;more seaward than expected, possibly due to sun glare, and the 1960’s series tend to show the &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;mhw more landward than expected. In the latter case, the effect may be due to the 1960’s being a &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;decade of frequent storms. It is recommended that the analyst be aware that some of these effects &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;may exist in the historic data. A questionable historic shoreline is NOT necessarily one to be &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;discarded, just considered with allowance for its’ potential limitations.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;Using this database, it can readily be observed that the historic trends in shoreline evolution are &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;very consistent with behavior expected from the longshore transport equation, well known to &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;coastal engineers. This is a non-linear equation. Shoreline change can be expected to be linear or &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;constant only in certain situations. It is NOT recommended that any analyst arbitrarily assume &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;constant or linear shoreline change rates over long periods of time, which is often done but not &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;supported by the evidence. The three primary factors controlling shoreline change are sand supply, &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;wave climate, and local geographic features. In some parts of Florida, major storms since 1995 &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;have also become important factors.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;</idAbs>
<idCredit>Florida Department of Environmental Protection</idCredit>
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